The home state of Google Inc., the pioneering company in driverless cars, has just taken steps to make life more difficult — not just for Google, but for all of us who would like to see driverless cars hit the road as soon as possible.
The California Department of Motor Vehicles has proposed new rules for driverless cars that would prohibit cars without a steering wheel or a brake pedal — or a human driver ready to take the wheel. Obviously, this would be an enormous setback for Google’s program, which is evolving toward smaller, lower-speed vehicles with none of these things. In my opinion, it would also be a setback for the evolution of driverless cars.
There are basically two ways to innovate toward a “Level Four” truly autonomous car. The first is the way that most automakers have chosen: You innovate system by system, starting with a car that can handle some tasks on its own (like cruise control), and eventually arriving at a car that can handle all of them. In between, the car will be doing a lot of the driving, but a human will be standing by, ready to take over if needed.
There’s a big problem with this approach, however: the lag between when the car realizes it can’t handle a problem, and when the human can grab the wheel. Unfortunately, when the car has gotten into trouble is probably the exact moment when a lag in reaction time is most problematic.
And that presumes an attentive driver ready to assume command. That’s not necessarily a very realistic assumption. Even a driver who is trying to pay attention is likely to lose focus as she cruises along mile after mile with nothing happening. And real-world drivers aren’t that conscientious. They are going to give in to the temptation to read e-mail, apply lipstick, or engage in other tasks that will divert their attention. They may be rooting around in the backseat for a CD when the car runs into trouble.
They’ll also have lost some skill, if they’re regularly driving mostly autonomous vehicles. If you’re not used to making driving decisions, you’re going to be slower to make them in an emergency, which is when you most need to think quickly. This, and attention fatigue, is a problem that airline safety experts worry a lot about, now that modern autopilot systems are so competent.
You can solve some of these problems with technology — by, for example, stopping the car if the driver removes her hands from the wheel. But that creates a problem of its own: A car that you almost never have to drive, but which nonetheless forces you to sit and watch the road, is almost worse than a car with no autonomous functions. Safety-wise, it may be a big improvement. But from the driver’s perspective, it’s a huge bore, which may impede demand for these kinds of systems.
Read more of the original article in Bloomberg View
